US-China trade spat could leave US 'weeks away' from rare earths crisis, but top defense contractors downplay risk

Key Points

  • China's Export Restrictions: China recently tightened export controls on rare earth minerals, banning their use in defense applications, which could impact the US defense industry's access to critical materials for weapons systems.**
  • Defense Contractors' Response: Major US defense contractors like Lockheed Martin, RTX Corporation, and Northrop Grumman downplayed supply chain concerns during earnings calls, suggesting they have mitigated risks through stockpiling and strategic planning.**
  • US Dependency on China: China dominates the global rare earth market, controlling 70% of mining, 90% of processing, and 93% of magnet manufacturing, posing a significant risk to US national security.**
  • Domestic Efforts: The US government is investing in domestic rare earth production, including stakes in companies like MP Materials and Trilogy Metals, and fostering international collaboration with allies like Australia.**
  • Recycling and Stockpiling: Defense contractors and analysts note that recycling materials from retired military technology and existing stockpiles could help alleviate potential shortages.**

Summary

China's recent export restrictions on rare earth minerals, including a ban on defense applications, have raised concerns about potential supply chain disruptions for the US defense industry, which relies on these materials for critical weapons systems like F-35 jets and Tomahawk missiles. Despite China's dominance in the global rare earth market, major US defense contractors such as Lockheed Martin, RTX Corporation, and Northrop Grumman expressed confidence during recent earnings calls, citing proactive measures like stockpiling and supply chain diversification. Analysts suggest the issue may be less severe than perceived, with recycling from retired military tech offering an additional buffer. Meanwhile, the US government is taking steps to bolster domestic production through investments in companies like MP Materials and international partnerships, such as with Australia. However, experts warn that the US lags behind China in weapons development and faces ongoing supply chain vulnerabilities, exacerbated by Beijing's control over 70% of mining and 90% of processing capacity. The Department of Defense acknowledges significant national security risks, and while contractors remain optimistic, the broader capability gap with China continues to widen.

yahoo
October 23, 2025
Stocks
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